1862
 

 1862 CALENDAR
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May 18 1862 (Sunday)

       After taking New Orleans, David Farragut and Ben "Beast" Butler send a fleet of ten gunboats supported by 3,000 troops aboard transports to open the Mississippi river to Memphis and Fort Pillow.  Martin Luther Smith, commanding the Confederate river fort at Vicksburg, stands in their way and he has spent the last week improving the earthworks overlooking the river "with all possible vigor."  Upon arriving at Vicksburg, Naval Commander S. Phillips Lee and Army Commander Thomas Williams immediately demand surrender of the city.  Smith replies, "Having been ordered to hold these defenses, my intention is to do so as long as it is in my power."

UNITED STATES STEAMER ONEIDA, Near Vicksburg, May 18, 1862. To the AUTHORITIES AT VICKSBURG: The undersigned, with orders from Flag-Officer Farragut and Major-General Butler, respectfully demand, in advance of the approaching fleet, the surrender of Vicksburg  and its defenses to the lawful authority of the United States, under which private property and personal rights will be respected.  Very respectfully yours, S. PHILLIPS LEE, U.S. N., Commanding Advance of Naval Division. T. WILLIAMS, Brigadier-General.

     Henry Halleck, whose army is still slowly advancing on Corinth, Mississippi, is again unhappy with the behavior of Don Carlos Buell.

CAMP ON CORINTH ROAD, May 18, 1862.  Major-General BUELL,  in Field: I have observed to-day that my instructions have not been carried out in two respects. First. Your army corps does not occupy the position assigned to it....General Thomas was obliged to secure it.....Second. In making the advance all the army corps were directed to intrench themselves....I find intrenchments on the right and left wings, but none on the center.  H. W. HALLECK, Major-General.

     Secretary of War Edwin Stanton, charged in the New York newspapers with failing to properly support General McClellan's Peninsular campaign, defends himself in a private letter to his good friend Reverend Herman Dyer.

PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL.  WASHINGTON, May 18, 1862.  Rev. HERMAN DYER: MY DEAR FRIEND: I have been very well aware of the calumnies busily circulated against me in New York and elsewhere respecting my relations to General McClellan, but am compelled, from public considerations, to withhold the proofs that would stamp the falsehood of the accusations and the base motives of the accusers....What motive can I have to thwart General McClellan?...Would I provoke and stand against the whole newspaper gang in this country, of every party, who, to sell news, would imperil a battle? I believe that God Almighty founded this Government, and for my acts in the effort to maintain it I expect to stand before Him in judgment.  You will pardon this long explanation, which has been made to no one else. It is due to you, who was my friend when I was a poor boy at school....I am willing that the whole world should revile me rather than diminish one grain of the strength needed to conquer the rebels.....The confidence of yourself, and men like you, is more than a full equivalent for all the railing that has been or can be expressed against me, and in the magnitude of the cause all merely individual questions are swallowed up.  I shall always rejoice to hear from you, and am, as ever, truly yours,  EDWIN M. STANTON.


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May 19 1862 (Monday)

  The lack of a national policy for handling fugitive slaves forces each Union Department Commander to devise his own.

HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF NORTH CAROLINA, New Berne, May 19, 1862. Hon. E. M. STANTON, Secretary of War, Washington, D.C.: SIR: In the absence of definite instructions upon the subject of fugitive slaves I have adopted the following policy: First. To allow all slaves who come to my lines to enter. Second. To organize them and enroll them, taking their names, the names of their masters, and their place of residence. Third. To give them employment as far as possible. Fourth. To deliver none to their owners under any circumstances, and allow none of them to leave this department until I receive your definite instructions. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, A. E. BURNSIDE, Major-General, Commanding Department of North Carolina.

Seventy-eight year old John Wool explains his reasons for requesting reinforcements for the defense of Fort Monroe, located on the tip of the York Peninsula.

FORT MONROE, VA., May 19, 1862. (Received May 20, 10.20 a.m.) Hon. E. M. STANTON, Secretary of War: The desponding tone of General McClellan in calling for more troops induced me to ask for more troops. The calling for troops on his part creates a suspicion of weakness, and consequently may lead to defeat. It is therefore I called for more troops, to be ready to meet coming events foreshadowed by calls made on the Government. JOHN E. WOOL, Major-general.

"Stonewall" Jackson has re-emerged in the Shenandoah Valley. After directing General Ewell to move his troops to Mount Jackson, "Stonewall" marches his men to New Market. Nathaniel Banks remains unaware of Jackson's presence in the valley.

STRASBURG, May 19, 1862---3 p.m. (Received 4.10 p.m.) Hon. E. M. STANTON, Secretary of War: All quiet here. Nothing known to indicate presence of infantry force in valley. Cavalry scouts fired upon our pickets near Woodstock last night. I go to Front Royal this afternoon. Will return here to-night and report condition of affairs there. N. P. BANKS, Major-General, Commanding.

Yesterday President Jefferson Davis directed Joe Johnston to insure that his troops, now camped on the outskirts of Richmond, do not damage, "residences, inclosures, gardens, &c." Today, he instructs Johnston to prevent the destruction of fences near the encampments.

WAR DEPARTMENT. C. S. A., Richmond. Va., May 19, 1862. General JOSEPH E. JOHNSTON, Commanding Department of Northern Virginia: GENERAL: I am instructed by the President to call your attention to the habit in which many of the regiments have fallen of burning the fences near their encampments and bivouacs....In all cases where injury is done to the locality in which troops are encamped it will be charged to the quartermaster, unless he inspects the premises and reports the regiment or company doing the damage and the extent of it...and in case such report is made the damage will be deducted from the pay of the parties inflicting the injury. I desire that you will make this known in your general orders. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, G. W. RANDOLPH, Secretary of War.

P.G.T. Beauregard has Ben Butler's orders threatening to treat any miscreant lady in New Orleans as a, "women of the town plying her avocation" read to all his troops.

Corinth, Miss., May 19, 1862. For the information of this army the following General Orders, No. 28, of the Federal officer Major General Butler (the Haynau* of the North), commanding at New Orleans, will be read on dress parade. G. T. BEAUREGARD, General, Commanding.

*Editors Note: Baron Julius von Haynau was an Austrian general rendered infamous for his ruthless severity, especially his flogging of women during the siege of Brescia, Italy, in 1848.

Sixteen days ago Ivan Vasilevich Turchininov, better known as Colonel Ivan Turchin, turned three regiments loose on Athens, Alabama, in retaliation to partisan guerrilla raids. During one raid a Union soldier, "caught between the tender and the engine when a train was destroyed at Limestone Creek Bridge, was actually roasted alive, in the presence of [the citizens of Athens], who swore they would kill the negroes who offered to cut away and rescue the unfortunate man." Turchin, a former member of the Imperial Russian Army, told his men: "I shut my eyes for one hour." In that hour Turchin's men sacked the town, committing numerous atrocities and stole $50,000 worth of silverware and jewelry. Reports of Turchin's activities eventually reach the ears of his commanding general, Ormsby Mitchel.

HEADQUARTERS THIRD DIVISION, Camp Taylor, May 19, 1862. Hon. E. M. STANTON, Secretary of War: My line of posts extend more than 400 miles. My own personal attention cannot be given to all the troops under my command. The most terrible outrages---robberies, rapes, arsons, and plundering--are being committed by lawless brigands and vagabonds connected with the army, and I desire authority to punish all those found guilty of perpetrating these crimes with death by hanging. Wherever I am present in person all is quiet and orderly, but in some instances, in regiments remote from headquarters, I hear the most deplorable accounts of excesses committed by soldiers. I beg authority to control these plunderers by visiting upon their crimes the punishment of death. O. M. MITCHEL, Major-General.

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May 20 1862 (Tuesday)  

Union foragers are ambushed in a bloody melee near the Little Red River in northeastern Arkansas.

CAMP NEAR LITTLE RED RIVER, ARK., May 20, 1862. COLONEL: Yesterday morning at about 9 o'clock I was ordered...to go with Company H on a foraging expedition....After about half an hour part of the foraging expedition...returned, with their wagons laden....After having passed my command some 500 yards the Frémont Hussars came galloping back, crying, "They are coming; they are coming;" upon which they fell back. I then formed my company across the road....The enemy soon approached in full charge and I ordered my company to fire....The enemy increased in numbers and continued to press forward....After my command had given fire once more...they were...almost annihilated....Seeing my whole company either dead or wounded I...tried to reach our troops, but was soon overtaken and surrounded by cavalry, one of whom shot me in the left shoulder, and then fired four more shots at me, but without success. Just as I was giving myself up as lost Company F sallied out of the woods....The pain of my wound rendered it impossible for me to follow them and I sank exhausted near the road. While I was lying in the bushes...a company of the enemy's cavalry halted in the road within a few paces of me. I heard them saying that a body of calvary was approaching them....Finding them to be Union troops they fled. Our troops coming up to the rescue I joined their ranks, and was conducted into camp.  I saw the rebels cutting Private Wurges, of my company (H), over the head with a bowie-knife after he had surrendered, and heard the rebels crying out, "D--n you, we want no prisoners." I am, colonel, very respectfully, your obedient servant,  HENRY NEUN, Lieutenant, Company H, Seventeenth Regt. Mo. Vols.

     George McClellan promises to reimburse loyal Virginians for forage confiscated for the use of the Army of the Potomac.

GENERAL ORDERS No. 126.  HDQRS. ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, Camp near Tunstall's Station, Va., May 20, 1862. When forage is found in the vicinity of the line of march of this Army, brigade quartermasters, after leaving three months' supply for the subsistence of the owners and their families, including slaves, at the rate of a bushel and a half per month for each person, are authorized to take the remainder for the use of the Government animals.  An accurate account will be kept...and receipts given to the owners...which accounts will be paid...provided the owner takes the oath of allegiance to the United States.  By command of Major-General McClellan:  S. WILLIAMS,  Assistant Adjutant-General.

     Edward Stanley is appointed military governor of North Carolina to, "Establish and maintain, under military form, the functions of civil government until the loyal inhabitants of North Carolina shall be able to assert their constitutional rights and privileges."


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May 21 1862 (Wednesday)

   Having taken precautions to protect the fences and gardens of Richmond, President Davis requests a meeting with the notoriously tight-lipped Joe Johnston to determine his plans for the defense of the city.

HEADQUARTERS, Richmond, Va., May 21, 1862.  General JOSEPH E. JOHNSTON,  Commanding Army of Northern Virginia: GENERAL: The President desires to know the number of troops around Richmond, how they are posted, and the organization of the divisions and brigades; also the programme of operations which you propose. The information relative to the composition and position of your army can readily be furnished, but your plan of operations, dependent upon circumstances perhaps yet to be developed, may not be so easily explained, nor may it be prudent to commit it to paper. I would therefore respectfully suggest that you communicate your views on this subject personally to the President, which perhaps would be more convenient to you and satisfactory to him. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant,  R. E. LEE, General.

     An attempt to de-rail a train near Fredricksburg, Virginia, elicits a stern warning to the mayor of that city.

HDQRS. DEPARTMENT OF THE RAPPAHANNOCK, Opposite Fredericksburg, Va., May 21, 1862.  Brigadier-General PATRICK, Commanding Brigade in Fredericksburg: GENERAL: Yesterday an attempt was made by a man in a crowd which assembled near a train passing over the railroad bridge to throw it from the track and he eluded apprehension by running into the crowd.  The major-general directs that you immediately call upon the mayor of Fredericksburg and inform him that if another attempt of the kind is made an indiscriminate fire will be directed against the source whence the attempt comes. Therefore full and fair warning must be given to all the inhabitants not to assemble in the vicinity of our railroad stations, depots, or tracks, if they would avoid the chances of suffering from any recurrence of the kind above alluded to. Very respectfully, your obedient servant,  ED. SCHRIVER, Lieutenant-Colonel and Chief of Staff.

     Three days ago,  in remote western Virginia, Union commander J.C. Rathbone and his Confederate counterpart George Downs, commanding an irregular force of partisan rangers, entered into a unique agreement to cease hostilities.  During this eight day cease-fire, Captain Downs' men are given the privilege of going home, unmolested by Federal authorities, to see their families.  After the armistice expires, they must either give themselves up as prisoners of war or leave the area.  Rathbone's superior, Brigadier-General Benjamin Franklin Kelley disapproves of the whole arrangement and orders Rathbone to, "Give notice that the armistice is revoked."   Kelley further stipulates that the only terms available to Captain Downs and his men are to, "Lay down their arms and take the oath of allegiance....If they refuse to do this you will move at once on them and kill or capture their whole force."

CLARKSBURG, VA., May 21, 1862.  Col. ALBERT TRACY,  Asst. Adjt. Gen., Franklin, Va.: I presume that Colonel Rathbone was led to commit the mistake through the advice of Judge Brown, who is holding the circuit court at Spencer at this time for the county of Roane....The population of the counties of Roane, Gilmer, Braxton, Webster, and Calhoun is very sparse, and only one remove above the savage, many of whom cannot read. Judge Jackson and Auditor Bennett had poisoned the minds of these people by public speeches delivered in these counties, in which they made this poor, ignorant population believe that secession was pure, unadulterated democracy. I have the honor to be, your obedient servant,  B.F. KELLEY,  Brigadier-General.                             
[Inclosures.]
It is agreed by and between Col. J. C. Rathbone, commanding United States forces in Roane and Calhoun and adjacent counties, and Capt. George Downs, commanding Confederate forces in said counties, that all hostilities shall cease between them and their respective forces in said counties for and during the space of eight days from this date, and each party is to preserve the peace and good order of the community in the mean time. Given under our hands this 18th day of May, 1862, at Spencer, in Roane County.  J. C. RATHBONE,  Colonel Eleventh Virginia Infantry.  GEORGE DOWNS,  Commanding Confederate States Rangers.

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May 22 1862 (Thursday)

  Irvin McDowell informs George McClellan that he will be ready to advance his troops across the Rappahannock River and on towards Richmond by Saturday, May 24th.

HDQRS. DEPARTMENT OF THE RAPPAHANNOCK, Opposite Fredericksburg, May 22, 1862.  Major-General GEORGE B. McCLELLAN: I have received the orders of the President to move with the army under my command and co-operate with yours in the reduction of Richmond....As soon as the necessary preparations for the march can be completed, which I think will be by the 24th instant, we shall set forth as the general directions ordered.  There is in front of us...the secession Army of the Rappahannock....His force is from 12,000 to 15,000 men, mostly South Carolina and Georgia troops.  IRVIN McDOWELL,  Major-General, Commanding.

     "Stonewall" Jackson gives orders to his hard marching troops to turn right at New Market and take the road across Massanutton Mountain.  Once across, the two wings of the Army of the Valley, 17,000 strong, are united at Luray.  Using the Luray Valley as a covered approach, Jackson's army advances to within ten miles of the 1,000 man garrison at Front Royal.  This garrison guards Nathaniel Banks' left flank, protects the Manassas Gap Railroad, and Banks' telegraph line to the nearest reinforcements at Manassas Junction.  In a final act of preparation for the next day's assault, Jackson issues General Orders, No. 51.

GENERAL ORDERS, No. 51. HEADQUARTERS VALLEY DISTRICT, May 22, 1862. For the purpose of taking care of the wounded during an action there will be two men detailed from each company, who will report for duty to their senior regimental medical officer, and will wear a red badge around their caps. Those thus detailed will not carry arms during an engagement....No other person will leave ranks for that or any other purpose during battle. Immediately after every engage-ment the rolls of companies will be called.  By order of Major-General Jackson:  R. L. DABNEY,  Assistant Adjutant-General.     

Nathaniel Banks finally realizes that Jackson is back in the Shenandoah Valley.  Turner Ashby's cavalry screen prevents Banks from discovering Jackson's flanking move into the Luray Valley and he expects Jackson to attack his main force entrenched at Strasburg.

HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE SHENANDOAH, Strasburg, Va., May 22, 1862.  Hon. E. M. STANTON, Secretary of War. SIR: The return of the rebel forces of General Jackson to the valley...increases my anxiety for the safety of the position I occupy and that of the troops under my command. That he has returned there can be no doubt....From all the information I can gather--and I do not wish to excite alarm unnecessarily--I am compelled to believe that he meditates attack here. I regard it as certain that he will move north as far as New Market, a position which commands the mountain gap and the roads into the Department of the Rappahannock, and enables him also to co-operate with General Ewell, who is still at Swift Run Gap.  Once at New Market, they are within 25 miles of Strasburg, with a force of not less than 16,000 men. My available force is between 4,000 and 5,000 infantry, 1,800 cavalry, and sixteen pieces of artillery....To these important considerations ought to be added the persistent adherence of Jackson to the defense of the valley and his well-known purpose to expel the Government troops from this country if in his power.  I have the honor to be, with great respect, your obedient servant,  N. P. BANKS,  Major-General, Commanding.

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May 23 1862 (Friday)

Jefferson Davis, unable to get any assurance from Joe Johnston that an all-out defense of Richmond will be made, takes it upon himself to examine the Confederate defenses near the Mechanicsville Turnpike.  

MAY 23, 1862.  General JOSEPH E. JOHNSTON, Commanding, &c. : GENERAL: I went yesterday afternoon to Mechanicsville, and was there during the artillery firing, which you no doubt heard....I saw General Stuart and General Cobb, but as neither of them communicated to me any plan of operations, or appeared to know what troops were in front as we approached, I suppose neither of them could have been commanding in chief at that locality. My conclusion was, that if, as reported to be probable, General Franklin, with a division, was in that vicinity he might easily have advanced over the turnpike toward if not to Richmond. Very respectfully, yours,  JEFFERSON DAVIS.        

  In southwest Virginia, Henry Heth sends his forces to attack Lewisburg.  Despite initial success, Heth's attack fails and he is forced to withdraw.

UNION, MONROE COUNTY, VA.,May 23, 1862.   Maj. Gen. W. W. LORING, Commanding Department of Southwest Virginia. GENERAL:  Most of his pickets were captured, and I attained without firing a shot...a position in front of Lewisburg....At this time the left of the enemy was in full retreat.  One of those causeless panics for which there is no accounting seized upon my command. Victory was in my grasp, instead of which I have to admit a most disgraceful retreat....The only excuse that can be offered for the disgraceful behavior of three regiments and batteries is that they are filled with conscripts and newly officered under the election system.  I cannot as yet ascertain our exact loss, but will furnish you reports at my earliest convenience. By far the greater portion of the casualties was among the officers-- -a consequence of the panic.  I have the honor to be, &c.,  H. HETH,  Brigadier-General.   

   At 2 o'clock "Stonewall" Jackson launches his attack on the surprised Union troops at Front Royal.  Learning that the Union First Maryland Regiment, or "Homemade Yankees", guard the town, General Ewell orders the Confederate First Maryland Regiment to lead the assault.  With the assistance of Major Roberdeau Wheat's Louisiana battalion, and, after four hours of bitter fighting, Union resistance collapses.  While Jackson suffers less than fifty casualties, 904 out of the garrison force of 1,062 are reported captured or killed in the days fighting.

WINCHESTER,  N. P. BANKS,  Major-General, Commanding. Colonel Kenly is killed.   Lieutenant-colonel, adjutant, and all the rest of commanding officers First Maryland Regiment taken prisoners. Regiment cut all to pieces and prisoners; First Michigan Cavalry ditto. The enemy's forces are 15,000 or 20,000 strong, and on the march to Strasburg.  SAVILLE, Commanding Company B, First Maryland Regiment.    

  Despite reports that he is killed, Colonel Kenly is only wounded and one of the many Union soldiers captured at Front Royal.  In his after-action report Kenly describes the final, victorious Confederate charge of the day.

WINCHESTER, May 31, 1862. Capt. WILLIAM D. WILKINS, Asst. Adjt. Gen., First Division, Fifth Army Corps. SIR: It was now nearly 6 o'clock, and determining to make a last stand at the cross-road leading to Middletown I hurried on to gain this point....The sudden appearance of cavalry galloping through the fields on my left satisfied me that I was lost.  I still pushed on...and had actually gained some 4 miles from the river, when Major Vought rode up from the rear and informed me that he was closely pressed. I told him that I would order Lieutenant Atwell to halt with his artillery; that I would march my infantry into the field off the road, and ordered him to charge the enemy....Seeing that the artillery had not halted, I dashed forward to learn why my orders had not been obeyed, when the discharge of firearms and the rush of cavalry caused me...to see that the cavalry had not charged the enemy, but were running over my men, who had not yet left the road, and were closely followed by the enemy's horse. The infantry in the field poured in a very close volley, which nearly destroyed the leading company, but did not check the advance of the succeeding squadrons, which charged in the most spirited manner. Large numbers of them, turning into the field, charged upon the men there, who continued fighting desperately until nearly all were captured, some 5 or 6 officers and about 100 men alone escaping....There was no surrender about it.  I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant,  JOHN R. KENLY,  Colonel First Maryland Regiment.

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May 24 1862 (Saturday)

    "Stonewall" Jackson pushes his troops towards Winchester.  In a driving rainstorm and struggling over muddy roads, Jackson wants to trap Nathaniel Banks' army before it can escape to the north.  Banks, realizing the danger he is in, sends his men quickly up the macadamized Valley Turnpike.  As the day wears on, it becomes clear that Banks will win the race to Winchester as desperate ambuscades, and an abundance of captured supplies slow the ever-hungry Confederate soldiers.

WINCHESTER, May 24, 1862-8 p.m.  The PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES.  (Same to General Frémont.) (Received 9.45 p.m.) I was satisfied by the affair at Front Royal yesterday that I could not hold Strasburg with my force against Jackson's and Ewell's armies....I concluded that the safest course for my command was to anticipate the enemy in the occupation of Winchester. My advance guard entered this town at 5 this evening, with all our trains and stores in safety....I learn here that the pickets of the enemy were within 5 miles of the town this morning, on the Front Royal road.  N. P. BANKS,  Major-General, Commanding.  
   
  George Armstrong Custer shines in a skirmish near Mechanicsville, Virginia.

 Capt. FRED. T. LOCKE, Assistant Adjutant-General.  May 24, 1862-- 9 p.m. I cannot close this report without mentioning the gallant conduct of  [Lieut. George A. Custer] and Lieutenant Bowen, of General McClellan's staff.  [Lieut. George A. Custer] was first to cross the river with the skirmishers, and was with them during the engagement. Lieutenant Bowen was in the thickest of the fight, and had his horse shot under him. The conduct of my own officers was, without exception, faultless, and both officers and men gave conclusive evidence of their coolness under fire.  I am, captain, with much respect, your obedient servant,  DWIGHT A. WOODBURY,  Colonel Fourth Michigan Volunteers.    

  Jackson's smashing victory at Front Royal causes President Lincoln to halt Irvin McDowell's advance on Richmond.  Instead of marching to join "Little Mac's" army,  Shield's division is halted six miles south of the Rappahanock River and ordered to countermarch back to Fredricksburg. Irvin McDowell responds to the change in plans by wiring Secretary of War Edwin Stanton, exclaiming: "This is a crushing blow for us."

WAR DEPARTMENT, May 24, 1862--11.12 a.m.  Major-General McDOWELL, Falmouth:  In view of the operations of the enemy on the line of General Banks the President thinks the whole force you designed to move from Fredericksburg should not be taken away, and he therefore directs that one brigade in addition to what you designed to leave at Fredericksburg should be left there.  EDWIN M. STANTON.     

In more good news for the Confederacy, two steamers have run the Union naval blockade at Charleston delivering much needed military supplies.

CHARLESTON, May 24, 1862.  General S. COOPER, Richmond: The steamers Kate and Cecile just arrived, running the blockade and bringing 100 cases rifles and 2,700 rifles, 350 barrels of powder, 211 boxes tin, 2 kegs gunpowder, 52 cases shoes, 24 bags saltpeter, a supply of medicines, and other valuable Government stores.  J. C. PEMBERTON, Major-General, Commanding.
And thats the way it was 136 years ago this week.

Author: Rienzi99@civilweek.com
REFERENCES
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